羟基致死船舶压载水微生物的生化影响研究

试验表明羟基比值浓度达到0．63mg／L左右时，足以杀死压载水微生物。在此浓度下也会引起微生物的糖、脂质、蛋白质、核酸、酶等发生强烈的化学反应。脂质过氧化物含量上升为原来的3倍；总蛋白质减少了33．4％；核酸中RNA、DNA分别减少了46．9％、77．0％；葡萄糖却增加了1倍，羟基破坏了多糖，使之降解为单糖；过氧化物酶含量减少了21．9％；超氧化物歧化酶减少了54．2％；分离微生物后海水中过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶分别减少了83．1％、33．2％，上述生化试验资料清楚表明了羟基对微生物三大基本分子(核酸、蛋白质、葡萄糖)、抗氧化酶系(过氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶)以及脂质均有强烈的破坏作用，这也是致死压载水微生物的主要原因。     

镉胁迫下小麦叶中超氧阴离子自由基的积累

在镉腔迫下，小麦中中超氧阴离子自由基的积累显增加，伴随ＭＤＡ含量升高，显示发生膜脂过氧化。镉腔迫使活性氧清降酶系统功能紊乱，其中ＳＯＤ酶活性下降，ＰＯＤ酶活性升高，在是ＣＡＴ酶活无显变化。     

SO2体内衍生物对人血红细胞的氧化损伤及其防护

为了探讨二氧化硫(SO2)对哺乳类细胞的毒性作用及其防护.以SO2体内衍生物-亚硫酸盐和亚硫酸氢盐(分子比为3∶1)及抗坏血酸(维生素C,Vc)单独或同时处理人血红细胞,并测定红细胞过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及脂质过氧化(LPO)水平.结果表明,SO2体内衍生物单独处理后,CAT和SOD活性均显著甚至极显著降低,而LPO水平均极显著升高.Vc单独处理后,CAT及SOD活性均有所升高,但差异不显著;而LPO水平除Vc为0.05 mmol·L-1剂量组外,其余各组均极显著降低.0.1 mmol·L-1Vc和不同剂量SO2衍生物共同处理后,Vc使各组CAT、SOD活性均有升高,且Vc也降低了SO2衍生物引起的人血红细胞LPO水平.由此认为,SO2体内衍生物可以使人血红细胞中CAT和SOD的活性降低、LPO水平增高,Vc可起到一定防护作用.     

再生水对作物种子萌发、幼苗生长及抗氧化系统的影响

以小麦、黄瓜、西红柿为供试材料,研究再生水水培对小麦、黄瓜和西红柿种子萌发、生长发育及其活性氧清除系统的影响.结果表明,再生水对小麦种子发芽率有明显的促进作用,对西红柿种子无显著影响,而黄瓜种子表现出一定的抑制作用;对各物种幼苗生长发育有一定促进作用,再生水灌溉对小麦、黄瓜及西红柿叶片活性氧清除系统均无不利影响;作物各叶绿素及蛋白质含量也显著高于对照.研究结果表明,再生水可以替代自来水进行作物灌溉,但灌溉过程中需采取适当的措施,使再生水利用效果最佳.     

臭氧处理对海带膜脂过氧化和脱酯化伤害研究

采用生态毒理学和生物化学的方法，选用海带的2个品系——海带901和荣城1号为实验材料，研究了不同剂量的臭氧处理对海带膜脂过氧化和脱酯化伤害作用结果表明，随着臭氧处理强度的增加，海带的2个品系的光合速率均下降同时。膜相对透性增大，细胞内H2O2含量上升，微粒体膜中磷脂减少，游离脂肪酸增加海带901中无论是细胞匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量，还是微粒体膜的MDA含量在臭氧处理下均无显著变化，而荣城1号微粒体膜的MDA含量在臭氧处理下显著提高，说明海带901在臭氧氧化胁迫下膜的损伤是由膜脂脱酯化单独造成的，与膜脂过氧化无关，而荣城1号膜的损伤是由膜脂过氧化和脱酯化共同引起的。     

Impact of hydrothermal process on the nutrient ingredients of restaurant garbage

In order to recover the nutrient resource from restaurant garbage, a complete trial with 2 factors on 5 levels of experiments was carried out. The temperature and heating time are the main factors influencing on hydrothermal process （HP） by which improves the degradability and digestibility of the restaurant garbage favorably to make animal feeds or fertilizer. The results showed the variation of protein, saccharide, and oil in the garbage. It showed that protein dissolved and liquefied during hydrothermal process, which made organic nitrogen in solid phase transfer to liquid phase. After heating at 180℃ for 60min, organic nitrogen in liquid phase began to transform into ammonia. It also showed that hydrothermal process could promote the dextrinization, dissolution of the starch and its hydrolysis to reducing sugar, due to that starch in the restaurant garbage decreases and reducing sugar increases. When the temperature reached 140℃, the reducing sugar started to decrease due to chemical reactions. The cellulose was stable at 100-180℃. The floatable oil increased markedly in the hydrothermal process. The suitable condition for de-oil was observed at 160℃ heating for 80 min. Furthermore, the extraction of grease from the solid phase accords with first-order reaction dynamic model.     

香烟气相物质引发的脂质过氧化与粒细胞呼吸爆发关系的ESR研究

香烟气相物质和空气都能使卵磷脂脂质体发生脂质过氧化.用ESR自旋捕集技术,以DMPO为捕捉剂,研究这种过氧化的脂质体对大鼠腹腔粒细胞(RPG)呼吸爆发的影响.结果表明,一定过氧化程度的脂质可增加促癌剂PMA刺激RPG产生的O_2~-.脂浓度为0.5mg/ml时,这种作用随充烟量的增加先不断增强,30s左右达最大值,然后又逐渐减小.空气引发的脂质过氧化对RPG呼吸爆发有相似的作用.     

Phytoremediation of urban wastewater by model wetlands with ornamental hydrophytes

Phytoremediation offers a cost-effective,non-intrusive,and safe alternative to conventional cleanup techniques.In this study,we used ornamental hydrophytes plants as constructed wetlands to treat urban or rural domestic wastewater.Most ornamental hydrophytes adapted to the wastewater well,and were fairly efficient in scavenging BOD_5(biological oxygen demand 5 d),COD(chemical oxygen demand),TN(total nitrogen),TP(total phosphorus)and heavy metals(Cr,Pb,Cd)in the wastewater.However,the efficiency varied a lot for various species to different contaminants,Iris pseudacorus L.and Acorus gramineus Soland were good choices for treatment of composite-polluted urban wastewater.Some variation in the change of membrane peroxidation and endogenous protective system in responses to wastewater was found among six hydrophytes,which have a correlation with the efficiency of wastewater treatment.It may demonstrate that the developed antioxidative systems of I.pseudacorus and A.gramineus contributed much to their superiority. On the other hand,interaction of different components in the wastewater might have certain effects on phytoremediation.     

2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯对藻细胞膜和亚显微结构的影响

为揭示化感物质抑制藻类的机理, 研究了芦苇化感物质2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯(eathyl-2-methyl acetoacetate, EMA)对蛋白核小球藻、铜绿微囊藻和普通小球藻细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸种类、含量以及藻细胞亚显微结构的影响,采用Bligh and dye法提取藻类细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸,GC-MS测定脂肪酸种类和含量,透射电镜法观测细胞亚显微结构. 结果表明, EMA使蛋白核小球藻细胞膜不饱和脂肪酸亚麻酸、亚油酸含量都增加了14%, 而饱和脂肪酸肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸含量则下降了12%和11%. 加入EMA后, 铜绿微囊藻细胞膜中不饱和脂肪酸C18∶1和C18∶2含量分别增加了12%和10%, 饱和脂肪酸C18∶0和C16∶0含量则下降. EMA对普通小球藻细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸含量没有显著影响. EMA使蛋白核小球藻和铜绿微囊藻细胞壁脱落, 细胞膜破裂, 细胞内含物渗出, 细胞内片层结构解体, 细胞核和线粒体结构损坏. EMA对普通小球藻细胞亚显微结构没有显著破坏.     

三氯生对斑马鱼发育和脂质代谢的影响

通过TCS(三氯生)亚致死剂量急性暴露斑马鱼胚胎至幼鱼,探究其对斑马鱼胚胎发育和脂质代谢的影响.结果表明,在体视显微镜下统计发现TCS在200µg/L浓度急性暴露延迟了72hpf胚胎的孵化,孵化率下降13.24%,而畸形率提高80%以上.120hpf(受精后小时)幼鱼畸形表现为能量淤积、卵黄囊肿、吸收障碍而后延,游囊闭合,心包囊肿,脊椎弯曲,少数个体小眼畸形.利用Metascape在线数据库进行TCS作用靶的预测和分析,并对药靶分子GO(基因本体)功能聚类和KEGG(京都基因与基因组百科全书)代谢途径分析,多数基因在分子功能、生物过程和细胞组成上参与羧酸代谢、类固醇激素受体活性、脂质绑定、脂质分解与代谢过程、脂质稳态、脂质定位的调控等生物学功能,有3条KEGG信号通路与脂质代谢有直接或间接的关系.通过ELISA试剂盒和Thermo全波段酶标仪对幼鱼(120hpf)生化指标的检测发现,总胆固醇(T-CHO)与甘油三脂(TG)浓度显著升高.利用油红O染料进行脂质染色发现幼鱼肝脏、卵黄、血管有脂滴堆积现象,尤其集中于肝脏和卵黄中.脂质代谢和能量供应与运动行为密切相关,借助Noldus行为分析仪进行行为学测试,表明TCS暴露后斑马鱼自主运动活力抑制,对声光刺激敏感程度显著下降.上述现象均可被100µg/L的脱氧胆酸钠供给而减轻.预示TCS低剂量环境暴露通过影响肝胆循环诱导斑马鱼脂质代谢紊乱,造成能量供应障碍.